30-07-2026 Static

Question 1

Podzolization is most commonly associated with which one of the following natural conditions?

A. Hot and humid climate with deciduous forests B. Cold coniferous forests where precipitation exceeds evaporation C. Tropical grasslands with seasonal rainfall D. Mediterranean climate with sclerophyll vegetation

Question 2

Which of the following wetlands is correctly matched with the major environmental issue affecting it?

A. Wular Lake – Coral bleaching B. Deepor Beel – Municipal solid waste dumping C. Sambhar Lake – Oil spill contamination D. Loktak Lake – Desertification

Question 3

Which one of the following radioactive emissions requires the thickest shielding for effective protection?

A. Alpha particles B. Beta particles C. Gamma rays D. Neutrons produced during radioactive decay

Question 4

Which of the following international agreements explicitly recognizes the sovereign rights of nations over their biological resources?

A. Ramsar Convention B. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) C. Convention on Migratory Species D. World Heritage Convention

Question 5

Consider the following international environmental agreements:

Montreal Protocol
Basel Convention
Minamata Convention

Which of the above contain legally binding obligations for their Parties?

A. 1 only B. 1 and 2 only C. 2 and 3 only D. 1, 2 and 3

Question 6

Consider the following statements regarding the crowding out effect:

It generally occurs when the government finances its fiscal deficit through increased market borrowings.
It may result in higher interest rates in the economy.
It encourages greater private sector investment by reducing the cost of borrowing.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A. 1 and 2 only B. 2 and 3 only C. 1 only D. 1, 2 and 3

Question 7

Which one of the following situations best supports the principle behind the Laffer Curve?

A. Increasing tax rates always results in proportionately higher tax collections. B. Reducing tax rates can, under certain circumstances, increase government tax revenue. C. Tax revenue depends solely on the size of the population. D. Higher indirect taxes always generate more revenue than direct taxes.

Question 8

Which one of the following methods of financing a fiscal deficit is most likely to increase inflation in the short run?

A. Borrowing from commercial banks through government securities B. Monetization of the fiscal deficit by the central bank C. External borrowing from multilateral institutions D. Mobilising small savings through government schemes

Question 9

Which of the following correctly reflects the destination principle under the Goods and Services Tax (GST)?

A. Tax revenue belongs to the State where the goods are manufactured. B. Tax revenue is shared equally between producing and consuming States. C. Tax revenue accrues to the State where goods or services are finally consumed. D. Tax revenue is collected only by the Union Government.

Question 10

Consider the following statements regarding Zero-Based Budgeting (ZBB):

Every expenditure must be justified afresh for each budget cycle.
It relies primarily on the previous year's budget as the starting point.
It aims to improve efficiency by eliminating unnecessary expenditure.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A. 1 and 3 only B. 2 and 3 only C. 1 and 2 only D. 1, 2 and 3

30-07-2026 Static

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