10-08-2026

Consider the following statements regarding phytoremediation:

1. Rhizofiltration primarily involves the removal of contaminants from water through plant roots.
2. Phytovolatilization involves the uptake of certain contaminants by plants followed by their release into the atmosphere.
3. Phytoextraction is particularly useful for removing certain heavy metals from contaminated soils.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Which one of the following best explains why estuaries are considered highly productive ecosystems?

Which one of the following combinations is most favourable for rapid decomposition of plant litter?

Consider the following statements regarding coral reefs:

1. Reef-building corals generally require sunlight because of their photosynthetic symbionts.
2. Coral reefs are commonly associated with warm, shallow and relatively clear marine waters.
3. Excessive sedimentation can adversely affect coral reefs by reducing light penetration and smothering coral surfaces.
4. Coral bleaching necessarily means that all corals in the affected area have immediately died.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Consider the following statements regarding hazardous substances in electronic waste:

1. Brominated flame retardants are used in some electronic components and plastic casings to reduce flammability.
2. Informal burning of e-waste can generate toxic brominated dioxins and furans.
3. Persistent organic pollutants generated during improper e-waste processing can pose risks of bioaccumulation.
4. Brominated flame retardants are beneficial to the environment because they completely prevent the formation of toxic compounds during e-waste burning.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Consider the following statements regarding the establishment of the Indian National Congress:

1. The first session of the Indian National Congress was held in Bombay in 1885.
2. Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee presided over the first session.
3. The first session was attended by 72 delegates.
4. Dadabhai Naoroji presided over the first session of the Congress.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Which of the following best describes the significance of A.O. Hume in the early phase of the Indian National Congress?

Consider the following statements regarding the Moderates of the Indian National Congress:

1. They demanded greater Indian representation in government services.
2. They generally relied on constitutional methods such as petitions, resolutions and peaceful agitation.
3. They initially demanded complete independence from British rule.
4. Their movement had a relatively narrow social base.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Match the following nationalist leaders with the newspapers associated with them:

Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

With reference to the Swadeshi Movement, consider the following statements:

1. The movement emerged primarily as a response to the Partition of Bengal.
2. Aurobindo Ghose associated political freedom with the very existence of a nation.
3. The Extremists sought to place the idea of independence at the centre of Indian politics.
4. The movement was confined entirely to constitutional agitation within legislative institutions.

Which of the statements given above are correct?